Grammar Topics
This page provides a systematic overview of all grammatical topics in the Sanskrit course. Each of the 61 lessons is categorized thematically here.
1. Phonology & Script (Saṃhitā & Lipi)
- Introduction to Sounds: Systematics and pronunciation -> Lesson 1
- Script Introduction (Devanāgarī):
- Vowels and simple consonants -> Lesson 40
- Conjunct consonants (Ligatures) -> Lesson 41 & Lesson 42
- Sandhi (Sound Combination):
- Sandhi of final -s/Visarga -> Lesson 2, Lesson 3, Lesson 30
- Sandhi of -m, -e, -d -> Lesson 4
- Vowel Sandhi -> Lesson 3, Lesson 24
- Sandhi of -n -> Lesson 7
- Sandhi for Nasals -> Lesson 21, Lesson 26
- Cerebralisation (n -> ṇ / s -> ṣ) -> Lesson 10, Lesson 26
- Word Sandhi (h-, ch-) -> Lesson 44, Lesson 51
- Consonant Sandhi (Summaries) -> Lesson 16, Lesson 43
2. Lexicology (Morphology)
2.1 Nouns and Adjectives (Declension)
- Fundamentals: Case Grammar -> Lesson 1, Lesson 2
- A-stems (Masculine & Neuter) -> Lesson 2, Lesson 7
- I- and U-stems -> Lesson 3, Lesson 27, Lesson 52
- Consonant stems:
- Stems ending in -mant / -vant -> Lesson 13
- Stems ending in -n (Rājan, Ātman) -> Lesson 38
- Simple consonant stems -> Lesson 51, Lesson 54
- Root nouns ending in -ā, -ī, -ū -> Lesson 61
- The Dual of nouns -> Lesson 49, Lesson 50, Lesson 53
- Numbers & Comparison:
- Numeral words (Cardinals/Ordinals) -> Lesson 52
- Comparison (Comparative/Superlative) -> Lesson 53
2.2 Pronouns & Adverbs
- Pronouns:
- Interrogative and demonstrative pronouns -> Lesson 4
- Relative pronoun (yad) -> Lesson 19
- Personal pronouns (1st & 2nd person) -> Lesson 46, Lesson 47
- Indefinite pronouns -> Lesson 37
- Adverbs & Address:
- Formation of adverbs -> Lesson 37, Lesson 52
- Polite address & vocative -> Lesson 21, Lesson 44
2.3 Verbs (Conjugation)
- The Present System (Indicative):
- Personal endings (3rd, 2nd, 1st person) -> Lesson 6, Lesson 44, Lesson 39
- Thematic classes (1, 4, 6, 10) -> Lesson 6, Lesson 28
- Athematic classes -> Lesson 17, Lesson 33, Lesson 7, Lesson 31, Lesson 8, Lesson 30
- Other Tenses & Moods:
- Imperfect (Past) -> Lesson 32
- Optative & Imperative -> Lesson 30, Lesson 48
- Perfect (Singular/Plural) -> Lesson 34, Lesson 35, Lesson 36
- Perfect (Dual) -> Lesson 60
- Future (Simple & Periphrastic) -> Lesson 26, Lesson 61
- Aorist (Past) -> Lesson 54, Lesson 55, Lesson 56, Lesson 57, Lesson 58
- Derived Verb Forms:
- Passive & Causative -> Lesson 10, Lesson 28, Lesson 29
- Intensive & Denominative -> Lesson 61
- Verbs in the Dual (Paired Number) -> Lesson 59, Lesson 60
2.4 Nominal Derivations & Compounds
- Compounds (Samāsa):
- Dvandva (Copulative Compound) -> Lesson 5, Lesson 9
- Tatpuruṣa (Determinative Compound) -> Lesson 15, Lesson 18
- Upapada Compound -> Lesson 51
- Bahuvrīhi (Possessive Compound) -> Lesson 20
- Suffixes & Participles:
- Important Suffixes (-a, -ana, -tra, etc.) -> Lesson 8, Lesson 9
- PPP (Perfect Passive Participle) -> Lesson 12, Lesson 13
- PPA (Perfect Active Participle) -> Lesson 52
- Absolutive & Infinitive -> Lesson 22, Lesson 23
3. Sentence Grammar (Syntax)
- The Nominal Sentence -> Lesson 2
- The Interrogative Sentence -> Lesson 37
- Case Usage:
- Nominal Sentence & Nominative -> Lesson 2
- Accusative (also double) -> Lesson 7, Lesson 11
- Instrumental -> Lesson 10
- Genitive -> Lesson 14
- Dative -> Lesson 24
- Ablative -> Lesson 25
- Locative -> Lesson 27
- Subordinate Clauses:
- Relative Clauses -> Lesson 19
- Usage of Participles -> Lesson 12, Lesson 44
4. Metrics (Verse Theory)
Sanskrit philosophy and literature are often composed in verses. Metrics teaches the rhythm and structure of these verses.