Quelle & Urheberrecht

Glossary Sanskrit–English

Compiled from the word lists of Alois Payer's Sanskrit course.

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अ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
अखिल	akhila	3	seamless, whole	52
अगार	agāra	n	house, home	36
अग्नि	agni	m	fire, god Agni	2
अङ्ग	aṅga	n	limb of the body, component; also = vedāṅga =	7
अजिन	ajina	n	antelope skin, esp. the skin of the black antelope (blackbuck : Antilope cervicapra L. ). Originally occurred througho	51
अञ्जलि	añjali	m	The two hands pressed together high in reverence	36
अञ्ज्	añj	7P	to anoint, to smear	31
अटवी	aṭavī	f	forest	51
अणु ३	aṇu	—	thin, fine, very small ; m.: atom	25
अतस्	atas	—	from there, then, therefore (Pronominal stem a- "this" + Ablative suffix -tas)	24
अति	ati	—	over, across -way, beyond (in space, in time, by number, by quantity, in order, by power, by intensity), exceedingly	41
अतिथि	atithi	m	guest	51
अथवा	athavā	—	or (preposed)	15
अद् अत्ति अद्यते अन्न	ad	—	to eat, to consume	13
अद्य	adya	—	today	48
अधर्म	adharma	m	wrong (opposite of dharma)	11
अधि	adhi	—	over, on, up-, with reference to	20
अधिक	adhika	3	additional, surplus, extraordinary	43
अधिक ३	adhika	—	superfluous, additional, greater, better, extraordinary	23
अधिपति	adhipati	m	Vanity, pride	42
अध्यक्ष	adhyakṣa	m	overseer, department head ; eyewitness	24
अध्ययन	adhyayana	n	learning, esp. Vedic study	9
अध्यापन	adhyāpana	n	Teaching, instruction	16
अनगार्य	anagārya	n	homelessness of a Buddhist monk or novice	36
अनसूया	anasūyā	f	Non-complaining, envylessness	16
अनु	anu	—	after, along, over - to, lengthwise, according to, towards, behind -	36
अनुकृ	anukṛ	—	to imitate, to copy	36
अनुगम्	anugam	—	to follow someone, to walk along	36
अनृत	anṛta	n	untruth, lie (opposite of satya)	10
अनृशंस्य	anṛśaṃsya	n	Non-malice	16
अनेक	aneka	3	many (not a few)	42
अन्त	anta	m	end, limit	18
अन्तरे	antare	Adv	meanwhile	42
अन्तर्	antar	Adv	inside, within ; Postposition with Gen. Loc. (, ): inside, in the middle ; Postposition with Gen. Abl. (, ): out of	52
अन्न	anna	n	food (from PPP: ad-na: that which is eaten)	13
अन्यथा	anyathā	Adv	otherwise, differently, falsely, incorrectly	25
अन्यद्	anyad	3	another (declension like )	43
अन्योन्य	anyonya	3	mutually, each other	52
अपवर्ग	apavarga	m	end, liberation	20
अपि	api	—	also (postposed)	12
अपोह	apoha	m	negation ( + )	24
अभि	abhi	—	be-, towards - there, to - here, to - there, against, into -, with regard to, on, over, at	24
अभि	abhi	—	be-, after - towards, to - from, to - towards, against, into - inside, with regard to, on, over, at	36
अभिगम्	abhigam	—	to go towards, to approach	36
अभिनिवेष	abhiniveṣa	m	inclination, tenacity, insistence; specifically: attachment to the body as if it were something one's own	5
अभिषेक	sic	—	abhiṣeka m. : sprinkling of a king at the royal consecration, royal consecration	12
अभ्यन्तर	abhyantara	3	located inside, nearest; m. the nearest relative, native	51
अमुत्र	amutra	Adv	there, thither	52
अरण्य	araṇya	n	wilderness, forest	51
अरि	ari	m	enemy (according to Thieme, Der Fremdling im Ṛgveda: originally = foreigner)	15
अर्जुन	arjuna	m	Arjuna, one of the five sons of . Hero in the (see Basham, Wonder pp. 409 - 414)	42
अर्थ	artha	—	for the sake of ..., in order to	19
अर्ह	arha	—	"You should")	22
अर्हन्त्	arhant	—	a worthy one. In Buddhism and Jainism: someone who has attained final liberation	22
अलंकार	alaṃkāra	m	ornament, means of adornment (in poetry)	24
अलम्	alam	Adverb	enough, sufficient; equal to (someone or something); with Dative: enough for, sufficient for, equal to ; with Instrument	24
अल्प	alpa	3	small, little	43
अव	ava	—	down, downward, away, ab-	40
अवज्ञान	avajñāna	n	disregard, contempt	29
अवतार	avatāra	m	(descender, descent) incarnation of a god, esp. Viṣṇu 10 incarnations (see Basham, Wonder pp. 304 - 309)	40
अवनि	avani	f	earth	49
अविद्या	avidyā	f	Ignorance, non-knowledge	5
अशोक	aśoka	3	free from grief; Ashoka tree = Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Wilde; name of the emperor Aśoka () (ca. 304 – 232 BCE)	38
अश्	aś	9P	to eat, to consume	30
अश् अश्नुते	aś	—	to reach, to arrive at, to attain	7
असित ३	asita	—	dark, black	20
असुर	asura	m	demon	13
अस् अस्ति	as	—	to be, to exist	13
अस् अस्यति अस्यते अस्त	as	—	asyate, PPP asta : to throw, (away-)cast	13
अस्मिता	asmitā	f	"I-ness", i.e. the (false) belief: I am the one who sees etc	3
अहिंसा	ahiṃsā	f	non-injury to anyone, not harming, non-violence	16
अह्	ah	—	to say, to speak	36
अह् प्र	ah	—	say, speak	36

आ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
आख्यान	ākhyāna	n	narrative, story	24
आजीव	ājīva	m	livelihood	16
आत्मन्	ātman	m	Self, own person, innermost essence. Philosophically and in liberation doctrines: the Absolute within the individual, wh	38
आदर	ādara	m	consideration, attention, respect	49
आदर्श	ādarśa	m	mirror	52
आदाय	Absol.	—	with Acc.: in the company of, with	33
आदि	ādi	m	beginning, start	18
आदित्य	āditya	m	sun ; pl.: Āditya : a specific class of gods	50
आदृत	ādṛta	3	respected	36
आनन्द	ānanda	m	bliss, joy	43
आन्वीक्षिकी	ānvīkṣikī	f	philosophy (the science that arrives at its conclusions through logically correct reasoning)	3
आपण	āpaṇa	m	market	43
आपान	āpāna	—	drinking bout	51
आप् आप्नोति	āp	—	to reach, to attain	7
आम्	ām	—	yes	43
आयुर्वेद	āyurveda	m	the traditional medical system of India	49
आयुस्	āyus	n	lifetime (the full lifespan that one can live, if nothing comes in between)	49
आर्य	ārya	3	Aryan, noble ; m. Aryan (self-designation of the Sanskrit-speaking ancient Indians, literally: hospitable (Thieme)) ; no	15
आश्रम	āśrama	m	hermitage, stage of life, phase of life (namely as , , and possibly as ; see Basham, Wonder p. 159f.)	20
आसन	āsana	n	the sitting, seat; also: seated positions of a yogin	17
आस्	ās	—	to sit	17

इ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
इ एति ईयते इत	i	—	īyate, PPP ita : to go	13
इज्या	ijyā	f	sacrifice (from \yj » ij + suffix yā)	9
इति	iti	—	thus	11
इत्थम्	ittham	Adv	in this way, thus	43
इन्द्र	indra	m	prince, first, best among ; king of gods Indra	15
इन्द्रिय	indriya	n	strength, sense organ	24
इव	iva	—	as it were, like (in comparisons: = "a man like a tiger", "a tiger-like man"	15
इष्	iṣ	—	to wish	11
इष्	iṣ	—	: to send	42
इष् इच्छति	iṣ	—	to wish (iṣ-ccha-ti)	11
इष्टि	iṣṭi	f	wish (iṣ + -ti)	11
इह	iha	Adv	here, here on earth, hither; now. Before nouns in the locative () synonymous with , m: ordinance, custom, ritual; [World	50

ई

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
ईक्ष्	īkṣ	—	to see	20
ईक्ष्	īkṣ	1Ā	see, (dis)cover, observe	36
ईश्वर	īśvara	m	Lord, ruler, god (monotheistic)	2

उ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
उत	uta	—	and, also, or	49
उत्तम	uttama	3	highest, best	43
उत्साद	utsāda	m	Destruction	51
उदक	udaka	n	water	18
उदक	udaka	n	Water	38
उद्	ud	—	up, upward, out, from, ex-	20
उद्	ud	—	up, upward, aloft, out, ex-	29
उपमा	upamā	f	comparison	33
उपहार	upahāra	m	offering, sacrifice, gift	51
उपाध्याय	upādhyāya	m	teacher	36
उपेक्षा	upekṣā	f	non-attention, equanimity	3

ऊ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
ऊह	ūha	m	consideration, argumentation	24
ऊहापोह	ūhāpoha	m	discussion of pros and cons	24

ऋ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
ऋतु	ṛtu	m	periodic process, season, time period, menstruation, time during which the woman is fertile and has a right to intercour	51
ऋध्	ṛdh	—	to thrive	20
ऋषि	ṛṣi	m	Vedic sage, author of Vedic hymns	10

ए

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
एकत्र	ekatra	Adv	at one place	51
एव	eva	—	emphasizes the preceding word	13
एव	eva	—	emphasizes the preceding, often corresponds in German to emphasis, a kind of emoticon <!>, e.g. "only the truth prevai	15
एवम्	evam	—	thus (adverbially, e.g. evaṃ jayati "thus he conquers")	11

ओ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
ओष्ठ	oṣṭha	m	lip	20

औ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
औपकारिक	aupakārika	3	- : useful	24

क

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
कदली	kadalī	f	banana tree (Musa sp.)	52
कन्या	kanyā	f	young girl, daughter, maiden	41
कपि	kapi	m	monkey	8
कम्	kam	10Ā	to love	28
कर	kara	m	hand (to 8)	20
कर ३	kara	f	doing, making, causing	20
करुणा	karuṇā	f	compassion, pity	3
कर्गल	kargala	n	paper	43
कर्मन्	karman	n	to 8U: action, deed, work; sacred act, sacrificial ritual; Karma: past action that later bears its fruits (e.g., in rebi	38
कर्मविपाक	karmavipāka	m	ripening of deeds = the good and bad consequences of actions in previous existences (to -)	38
कलत्र	kalatra	—	Wife, female	51
कला	kalā	f	art, skill	49
कल्पना	kalpanā	f	The forming in thought, the assumption of something non-existent in reality, Fiction	40
कल्याण	kalyāṇa	3	beautiful	50
कवि	kavi	m	poet	2
काम	kāma	m	wish, desire, desired gift, sensual pleasure, love; the god of love Kāma	5
कामम्	kāmam	—	according to wish, as one pleases	22
कारु	kāru	m	craftsman	9
काल	kāla	m	time, (right) moment ; fate, death ; god of death Kāla	15
कालन	kālana	n	Forest	51
कियत्	kiyat	3	how big	43
किल्बिष	kilbiṣa	n	guilt, insult, sin	25
कु	ku	—	as the first member of compounds: bad	50
कुप् कुप्यति	kup	—	to be angry	7
कुप्य	kupya	n	forest product, metal (not precious metal)	24
कुमार	kumāra	m	Prince	42
कुमार	kumāra	m	child, youth, prince; epithet of / Murugan = முருகன் = മുരുകന്‍ / Subrahmanya = ಸುಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣ್ಯ	48
कुमारी	kumārī	f	the girl, maiden	8
कुमारी	kumārī	f	girl, daughter	48
कुल	kula	n	herd, multitude, race, lineage, family	15
कुलूहल	kulūhala	n	curiosity, interest	49
कुशीलव	kuśīlava	m	(wandering) showman, actor, singer	9
कुसीद	kusīda	n	usury	9
कृ	kṛ	—	to bow, revere, greet	24
कृ करोति	kṛ	—	to make, do	8
कृतम्	kṛtam	—	= "It is done with the anger = stop being angry!"	24
कृत्स्न	kṛtsna	3	whole, complete	49
कृष् कर्षति	kṛṣ	—	to pull	9
कृष् कृषति	kṛṣ	—	to plough	9
केवलम्	kevalam	Adv	only, alone, completely	41
कोविद	kovida	3	experienced in ()	52
कौमर	kaumara	n	childhood	48
कौशिक	kauśika	m	owl	51
क्रमयति	kramayati	—	br	35
क्रमितुम्	kramitum	—	br	35
क्रमिष्यति	kramiṣyati	—	br	35
क्रम्	kram	1U	, 4P : to stride, to go	35
क्रम्यते	kramyate	—	br	35
क्रा	krā	—	br	35
क्रिया	kriyā	f	action, sacred action, sacrificial act, ceremony (to 8)	20
क्री	krī	9U	to buy	30
क्रुध् क्रुध्यति	krudh	—	to be angry	7
क्रूर	krūra	3	raw, cruel	51
क्रोध	krodha	m	anger	5
क्लेश	kleśa	m	torment, affliction	5
क्षत्रिय	kṣatriya	m	Kṣatriya (warrior and ruling class)	2
क्षत्रिया	kṣatriyā	f	female Kṣatriya	3
क्षत्रियी	kṣatriyī	f	wife of a Kṣatriya	3
क्षमा	kṣamā	f	patience, forbearance, leniency	16
क्षिप्	kṣip	6P	to throw, to hurl	49
क्षिप्त	kṣipta	—	br	32
क्षिप्य	kṣipya	—	br	32
क्षिप्यते	kṣipyate	—	br	32
क्षेपयति	kṣepayati	—	br	32
क्षेप्स्यति	kṣepsyati	—	br	32
क्षेम	kṣema	n	calmness, peace, well-being, secure possession	16
कॢप्	kḷp	1Ā	to be in proper order, to correspond to (Loc.) ; to take shape, to form itself ; to resolve upon, to condescend to (Dati	40

ख

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
खन्	khan	1U	to dig	51
खाद् खादति	khād	—	to chew, to eat	7
खिल	khila	m	fallow field, wasteland	52
ख्या	khyā	2P	to see, become visible ; to name, explain, communicate	24
ख्या	khyā	2P	to reject, to disdain	44

ग

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
गज	gaja	m	elephant	8
गम्	gam	—	encounter, reach, attain	20
गम् गच्छति	gam	—	to go (According to the indigenous verb classification, it belongs to Present Class 1, but is actually a formation with	7
गर्भ	garbha	—	"interior", e.g	19
गर्भगृह	garbhagṛha	—	Volwahsen, A.: India : Buildings of Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. -- Munich, 1968)	19
गर्ह्	garh	1Ā	to scold, to blame	51
गापयति	gāpayati	—	br	35
गास्यति	gāsyati	—	br	35
गीत	gīta	—	br	35
गीयते	gīyate	—	br	35
गुण	guṇa	m	thread, cord; quality, good quality	13
गुप्त	gupta	3	protected, safeguarded	29
गुरु	guru	3	heavy, significant, worthy of veneration	2
गुर्वी	gurvī	f	fem. of guru	3
गृह	gṛha	n	house	10
गृहस्थ	gṛhastha	3	located in the house; m. householder (someone who is in the second )	29
गृहीत	gṛhīta	—	br	32
गृह्य	gṛhya	—	br	32
गृह्यते	gṛhyate	—	br	32
गृह्यसूत्र	gṛhyasūtra	n	treatises on the ceremonies and sacrifices of daily life	3
गै	gai	1P	to sing, to recite in a singing tone, to proclaim in verse	35
गोदान	godāna	n	giving of cows / of a cow ; second hair-cutting ceremony (a )	25
ग्रस्	gras	1Ā	to consume, devour	29
ग्रह	graha	m	grasping, gripper, crocodile, wandering star	46
ग्रहण	grahaṇa	n	grasping	24
ग्रहीष्यति	grahīṣyati	—	br	32
ग्रह्	grah	9U	(gṛh-ṇā-ti) : to seize, grasp, hold	46
ग्राम	grāma	m	village	10
ग्राहयति	grāhayati	—	br	32
ग्लै	glai	1P	to feel reluctance, to fade away	36

घ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
घात	ghāta	m	killing	17
घृत	ghṛta	n	clarified butter, ghee ( / گھی / ঘী)	33
घ्रा	ghrā	1P	: to smell something	36

च

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
चक्र	cakra	n	wheel	52
चक्राम	cakrāma	—	br	35
चक्ष्	cakṣ	2Ā	to see	50
चतुर्थ	caturtha	3	fourth	15
चर ३	cara	m	the movable = animals (in contrast to plants)	22
चरित्र	caritra	n	custom, practice, customary law ; conduct	48
चर्	car	—	to practice a vow, esp. sexual abstinence)	22
चल्	cal	1P	to set in motion	42
चाण्डाल । चण्डाल	cāṇḍāla	m	lowest caste of the Dalits	49
चाययति	cāyayati	—	br	32
चि	ci	5U	pile up, collect	36
चित	cita	—	br	32
चित्त	citta	n	consciousness, thinking, mind	16
चित्य	citya	—	br	32
चिन्तापर	cintāpara	3	absorbed in thought	42
चिन्त्	cint	—	to think, to ponder	51
चीयते	cīyate	—	br	32
चुर्	cur	—	to steal	28
चेत्	cet	—	if; provided that (never stands at the beginning of a sentence)	30
चेष्ट्	ceṣṭ	—	to stir, move	20
चेष्यति	ceṣyati	—	br	32
चौल	caula	n	ceremony () of hair cutting (at the age of 3 years)	24
च्यु	cyu	1Ā	to move, to travel, to fall down	52

छ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
छन्न	channa	n	ceiling, hiding place	49
छिद्	chid	7U	to cut off	31

ज

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
जगौ	jagau	—	br	35
जटा	jaṭā	f	braid of hair (ascetic hairstyle)	51
जन्मन्	janman	n	birth	43
जव	java	3	fast, hurried	43
जाति	jāti	f	birth, kind, caste (regarding as a caste see Basham, Wonder, p. 148ff.)	15
जाया	jāyā	f	wife	48
जि जयति	ji	—	to conquer, defeat	8
जीव	jīva	m	life, individual soul	30
जीव्	jīv	—	to live	16
जीव्	jīv	1P	to live	30
ज्ञा	jñā	9U	to know, recognize, be aware of, understand	30
ज्ञा	jñā	9U	to recognize, to understand	31
ज्ञा	jñā	—	to approve, to promise; Ā: to answer, to confirm, to assert, to recognize	42
ज्ञा	jñā	—	to command, to order	43
ज्ञाति	jñāti	m	(blood) relative (relatives are those whom one knows!)	30
ज्ञान	jñāna	n	knowledge, wisdom, cognition (esp. of the "higher" truths in religion and philosophy)	30

त

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
तत्त्व	tattva	n	true nature, truth, reality ( + = this-ness)	24
तनु ३	tanu	—	slender	20
तनूकृ	tanūkṛ	—	diminish, weaken	20
तन् तनोति	tan	—	to stretch	8
तन्त्र	tantra	n	string ; loom, warp, fabric ; basis, norm, rule ; doctrine, textbook ; tantra ; magic formula ; means, trick, medicine ;	48
तरय	taraya	3	threefold, consisting of three parts	51
तर्हि	tarhi	—	then, at that time ; therefore, thus	43
तात	tāta	m	Papa	42
तावत्	tāvat	Adv	as long	42
तिल	tila	m	sesame (seed) (Sesamum indicum L.)	34
तीक्ष्ण	tīkṣṇa	3	"wild", sharp, pointed, strict, fierce, sharp-tongued	29
तीर्थ	tīrtha	n	Ford, sacred bathing place, pilgrimage site	40
तीर्थङ्कर	tīrthaṅkara	m	Ford-maker (across suffering) = the 24 teachers of Jainism	40
तु	tu	—	but (appears after the first word of the contrasting sentence or clause)	8
तुद्	tud	6U	to strike	40
तुल्	tul	—	to weigh	43
तुल्य	tulya	3	equal, comparable ()	51
तुष्	tuṣ	4P	to be content, to be satisfied with (, , , )	46
तृण	tṛṇa	n	blade of grass	24
तॄ	tṝ	1P	to cross over, to transgress, to save oneself from someone (Acc. = to cross over someone)	40
त्याग	tyāga	m	abandonment, renunciation, avoidance	25
त्रयी	trayī	f	triad; in particular the three Vedas (Ṛgveda, Sāmaveda, Yajurveda)	5
त्रि	tri	3	three	52
त्रिपिष्टप	tripiṣṭapa	n	Indra's heaven	52
त्रिवर्ग	trivarga	m	group of three (e.g. , , ; or: , , ; or: , , )	52
त्रै	trai	1Ā	to protect, to save	52
त्वर्	tvar	1Ā	to hasten	49

द

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
दण्ड	daṇḍa	m	stick, rod, punishment	18
दण्डनीति	daṇḍanīti	f	Politics (a Tatpuruṣa compound from daṇḍa m. = "stick, power, rule, punishment" and nīti f. = "right guidance")	5
दरैद्र ३	daraidra	—	poor, weak	20
दह् दहति दग्ध	dah	—	to burn (something)	12
दा	dā	3U	to give	33
दान	dāna	n	giving, gift, generosity	9
दान	dāna	n	giving, gift, generosity	33
दायक ३	dāyaka	f	giving, bestowing	20
दार	dāra	m	wife	25
दारिद्र्य	dāridrya	n	to command, to teach, to punish	25
दास	dāsa	m	slave, serf, servant	15
दासी	dāsī	f	slave woman, serf woman, servant	15
दिन	dina	n	day	37
दिन	dina	n	day	43
दिवानिशम्	divāniśam	Adverb	by day and night	48
दिव्य	divya	3	heavenly, divine	52
दिश्	diś	—	to show, instruct, command	17
दिष्टि	diṣṭi	f	instruction, fortunate circumstance	17
दिष्ट्या	diṣṭyā	—	(literally: by a fortunate circumstance) O fortunate circumstance! (exclamation of joy and felicity)	17
दिह्	dih	2U	to smear, to anoint	51
दीर्घ	dīrgha	3	long	49
दुःख	duḥkha	n	unhappiness, suffering	8
दुहितृ	duhitṛ	f	Daughter	42
दुह्	duh	—	to milk	17
दूत	dūta	m	Messenger, envoy	42
देव	deva	m	Celestial being, god; prince, king	2
देवता	devatā	f	deity (abstract and concrete)	3
देवी	devī	f	goddess, esp. Durgā f. = , the consort of Śiva =	3
देवृ	devṛ	m	Brother of the husband (brother-in-law from the wife's perspective)	42
देश	deśa	m	place, spot, land, region	50
द्रव्य	dravya	n	object, property, material possession, money	25
द्रु	dru	1P	to run, to hasten	46
द्रुह्	druh	4P	to harm	49
द्विज	dvija	m	"twice-born" (initiates of the upper three varṇas: Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya)	2
द्विजाति	dvijāti	3	Twice-born	5
द्विधा । द्वेधा	dvidhā	Adv	twofold, in two parts	42
द्विष् द्वेष्टि द्विष्यते द्विष्ट	dviṣ	—	to hate, to be hostile towards	13
द्वेष	dveṣa	m	Hatred	5
द्वेष	dveṣa	—	hatred	13

ध

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
धर्म	dharma	m	("that which holds fast", i.e.) right, law, custom, character	11
धर्म	dharma	m	that which is firm and holds fast = Dharma	25
धर्मसूत्र	dharmasūtra	n	treatises on law and custom (right conduct)	3
धा	dhā	—	to direct one's full attention to something, to concentrate	33
धातुम्	Inf.	—		33
धान्य	dhānya	n	threshed grain	25
धापयति	Caus.	—		33
धास्यति	Fut.	—		33
धीयते	Pass.	—		33
धीर	dhīra	3	firm, steadfast, continuous, persistent	52
धृ	dhṛ	1U	to hold, to keep firm	25
धेनु	dhenu	f	(milk) cow	3
ध्यै	dhyai	1P	to imagine, to think	49
ध्रुव	dhruva	3	firm, unchangeable	50

न

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
न चेत्	na	—	if not	30
नगर	nagara	n	city	10
ननान्दृ	nanāndṛ	f	Sister of the husband	42
ननाश	nanāśa	—	br	35
नन्दिन्	nandin	3	characterized by (special) joy, joyful ; m. name of the mount () of (a bull)	44
नन्द्	nand	1P	to rejoice in ()	44
नप्तृ	naptṛ	m	Grandson	42
नमस्	namas	n	bowing, reverence, greeting (declension later). Greeting formula	24
नम्	nam	—	to bend	20
नम्	nam	1P	to bend, to bow, to incline, to prostrate oneself	46
नरक	naraka	m	hell (According to one Hindu view, the universe has the shape of an egg (Brahmāṇḍa m.n. = = "Egg of Brahmā"): above the	7
नवग्रह	navagraha	m	the nine wandering stars (not planets!) (see Basham, Wonder p. 493)	46
नशिष्यति । नङ्क्ष्यति	naśiṣyati	—	br	35
नश्	naś	4P	to perish, go to ruin, disappear	35
नाग	nāga	m	the naked one, elephant, snake (elephants and snakes have no fur, just as the "naked monkey" human)	8
नाभि	nābhi	f	navel	20
नामन्	nāman	n	Name	38
नाशयति	nāśayati	—	br	35
नि	ni	—	downwards, down, into, backwards	20
नि	ni	—	downwards, down, in, backwards	24
नि	ni	—	downwards, down, in, backwards	46
निखिल	nikhila	3	complete, whole	52
नित्य ३	nitya	—	constant, enduring, eternal	25
नित्यम्	nityam	Adv	always, constantly ever	25
निरोध	nirodha	m	stopping, bringing to a standstill	16
निर्वाण	nirvāṇa	n	Extinguishing, Nirvana	38
निश्चित	niścita	3	decided, fixed	43
निषेक	niṣeka	m	sprinkling, fertilization, fluid, ejaculate, ceremony at conception	50
निस्	nis	—	out, away, forth, forward, from, without - of	52
नी	nī	—	to lead away, to instruct, to educate	25
नी नयति	nī	—	to lead	6
नीतिशास्त्र	nītiśāstra	n	treatises on worldly wisdom	3
नृत् नृत्यति	nṛt	—	to dance	6
नृत्य	nṛtya	n	dance	7
नृप	nṛpa	m	"protector of men" = king	20
नृशंस्य	nṛśaṃsya	n	Malice, baseness	16
नोचेत्	nocet	—	if not, otherwise	43
न्याय	nyāya	m	rule, principle, method, judgment (juridical), logic (from ni + i + a)	25
न्याय	nyāya	m	norm, rule, right manner; method, logic (from + )	29

प

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
पञ्जर	pañjara	n	cage	49
पण्डित	paṇḍita	—	clever, knowledgeable (in)	19
पण्डित	paṇḍita	3	clever, wise, learned	50
पण्य	paṇya	3	purchasable; n.: goods, trade	43
पत् पतति	pat	—	to fall, fly	8
पत्रिका	patrikā	f	letter	8
पद	pada	n	step, position, place	13
पद् पद्यते पद्यते पन्न	pad	—	padyate, PPP panna : to go, to fall into	13
पर	para	3	(declension like ) distant, foreign, higher than (), outermost, highest ; other, foreign, hostile ; m.: stranger	52
परंपरा	paraṃparā	f	uninterrupted series	52
परम	parama	3	furthest, highest ; : better than, higher than	49
परम्	param	Adv	to a high degree, thereupon, later, but, however	52
परलौकिक ३	paralaukika	—	pertaining to the other world, beyond	20
परि	pari	—	around, about (place, time), here and there	29
परिचय	paricaya	m	acquaintance, friendship	49
परिचित	paricita	3	familiar, known	51
परिनिर्वाण	parinirvāṇa	n	Perfect extinguishing, perfect liberation (at the death of a Buddha or Arhat)	38
परिव्राजक	parivrājaka	m	wanderer, wandering monk, pilgrim	29
पशु	paśu	m	domesticated livestock, cattle (collective)	3
पश् पश्यति	paś	—	to see, behold (used as the present stem instead of the root dṛś 0 "to see, behold")	8
पश्चात्ताप	paścāttāpa	m	regret, remorse	43
पा पाति पायते पात	pā	—	to protect, to guard	13
पा पिबति पीयते पीत	pā	—	to drink (traditionally counted in the 1st class)	13
पात्र	pātra	n	Venerable, Master, Worthy One	40
पाद	pāda	m	foot, a quarter, verse line	13
पाप	pāpa	n	evil deed, wickedness (opposite of puṇya)	10
पालयति	pālayati	—	also synonymous with Indecl.: again, time and again, back, once more ; however, but (before voiced sounds except r-: )	29
पाशुपाल्य	pāśupālya	n	cattle-rearing, livestock farming	9
पितामह	pitāmaha	m	paternal grandfather	42
पितामही	pitāmahī	f	paternal grandmother	42
पितृ	pitṛ	m	Father	42
पितृव्य	pitṛvya	m	Paternal uncle (father's brother)	42
पिशित	piśita	n	(prepared) meat	51
पीड्	pīḍ	10P	to press, torment ; to distress, besiege, plague	52
पुण्य	puṇya	n	good deed, merit	10
पुत्र	putra	m	son (In India it was necessary to beget a son who could perform the sacrifices for the ancestors.)	11
पुत्र	putra	m	Son	42
पुनः पुनर्	punaḥ	—	repeatedly	30
पुनर्	punar	Adverb	again, back, return, but	24
पुनर्	punar	—	again, repeatedly, back, once more, on the contrary, but	30
पुनर्भव	punarbhava	m	rebirth	30
पुरतस्	puratas	—	in front, beforehand, before	43
पुरा	purā	Adv	once, formerly	42
पुरुष	puruṣa	m	human being, man, servant	15
पुष्कल	puṣkala	3	splendid, magnificent, abundant	15
पुस्तक	pustaka	m	Manuscript, Book	40
पू	pū	9U	to purify	30
पूजा	pūjā	f	honor, honorable reception, religious worship (Pūjā)	15
पूज्	pūj	10P	to honor, revere	29
पृथिवी	pṛthivī	f	earth	36
पृथु ३	pṛthu	—	wide, broad, large	20
पृष्ठ	pṛṣṭha	n	back, rear side	36
पृष्ठम्	pṛṣṭham	—	behind	36
पॄ	pṝ	3P	to fill, to fulfill	33
प्रकृति	prakṛti	f	(from + ) basic form, natural state, nature; primordial matter, prime substance	42
प्रच्छ्	prach	—	to ask	11
प्रच्छ् पृच्छति	prach	—	to ask (someone: Acc.; about something: Acc.)	10
प्रजा	prajā	f	procreation, birth, offspring	29
प्रजापति	prajāpati	m	lord of creatures, creator god	36
प्रज्ञा	prajñā	f	wisdom, knowledge	25
प्रणिधान	praṇidhāna	n	application, effort, attention towards, helpfulness, reflection, vow	20
प्रति	prati	—	back, against, towards - forth	44
प्रति	prati	—	to - towards, after, with regard to, opposite	52
प्रतिग्रह	pratigraha	m	receiving, gift	9
प्रतिमा	pratimā	f	image, likeness	24
प्रतिमा	pratimā	f	image, likeness	33
प्रदान	pradāna	n	giving, donation; gift, donation	25
प्रधान	pradhāna	3	principal, best ; n.: the most important	52
प्रभृति	prabhṛti	f	beginning, start	18
प्रवचन	pravacana	n	discourse, (oral) instruction	9
प्रव्रज्या	pravrajyā	f	leaving home for homelessness; ceremony by which one becomes a Buddhist novice (Pali: )	44
प्रश्न	praśna	m	question (suffix -na as in yaj-ña)	11
प्रसङ्ग	prasaṅga	m	attachment, inclination ; opportunity	48
प्रसूति	prasūti	f	birth, offspring	48
प्राणान्तिक	prāṇāntika	3	fatal, bringing death, life-long	51
प्रिय ३	priya	—	dear, loving, friendly	30
प्री	prī	9U	to delight, to please; to love, to be inclined towards someone	36

फ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
फल	phala	n	fruit (also in a figurative sense: the (karmic) fruit of an action)	7

ब

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
बन्दी	bandī	f	Captive, plunder	51
बन्ध्	bandh	9P	to bind, to tie up	31
बलि	bali	m	Payment, donation, tribute	51
बाण	bāṇa	m	Arrow, target	42
बाधना	bādhanā	f	distress, plague, torment	20
बाह्य	bāhya	3	located outside, abroad, foreign	51
बुद्धि	buddhi	f	cognition, organ of cognition	12
बुध् बुध्यते बोधति बुद्ध	budh	—	to awaken, to awaken to knowledge, to recognize; PPP buddha 3 awakened, hence Buddha = "the Awakened" (not: the Enlighte	12
बोधि	budh	—	bodhi m./f. : awakening (through which a Buddha or Jina attains liberating insight)	12
ब्रह्मचर्य	brahmacarya	—	sexual abstinence, celibate way of life	22
ब्रह्मन्	brahman	n	the Absolute, the Veda (according to Thieme originally: the formulated truth; from this "formulator of truth")	38
ब्राह्मण	brāhmaṇa	m	Brāhmaṇa (priestly class)	2
ब्राह्मणी	brāhmaṇī	f	Brahmin woman	3
ब्रू	brū	—	to speak, say (something to someone: double accusative)	17

भ

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
भक्ति	bhakti	—	love and respect for a personal God. see Basham, Wonder p. 332f.)	21
भञ्ज्	bhañj	7P	to break (something)	31
भद्र	bhadra	3	good, happy; vocative: my dear!	43
भय	bhaya	n	fear, dread; danger (the subjective and the objective aspect)	33
भर्तृ	bhartṛ	m	Sustainer, Nourisher, Husband	42
भार	bhāra	m	burden	28
भार	bhāra	m	burden	33
भार्या	bhāryā	f	"one to be maintained" = wife	20
भार्या	bhāryā	f	Wife ( = gerundive of : one to be carried, one to be sustained, one entitled to maintenance)	42
भावना	bhāvanā	f	meditative unfolding (to causative)	20
भिक्षा	bhikṣā	f	begged alms, begging food	51
भिक्ष्	bhikṣ	—	to beg	21
भिद्	bhid	7U	to split	31
भी	bhī	3P	to fear (Abl., Gen.)	33
भुजंग	bhujaṃga	m	Snake	51
भुज्	bhuj	7U	to enjoy (e.g. food; "to enjoy the earth" = to rule the earth)	31
भू	bhū	—	(to become around someone = to encircle =) to master, conquer; to disregard, despise	29
भू	bhū	1P	to arise, to exist	31
भू	bhū	—	to encircle, to master, to conquer	46
भू	bhū	—	to recognize, to feel, to perceive, to experience	52
भू भवति	bhū	—	to become, to arise, to be	6
भृ	bhṛ	3U	to carry, to bring; to sustain, to nourish	33
भृत्य	bhṛtya	m	subordinate, servant	28
भोस्	bhos	—	exclamation of address, e.g.: hey, heda, oh, ei, hello, hi! often not to be translated. This particle has a special sand	46
भ्रंश	bhraṃśa	m	the falling away	46
भ्रम्	bhram	1P	: to wander, to roam	46
भ्रातृ	bhrātṛ	m	Brother	42

म

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
मणि	maṇi	m	Jewel	51
मत्स्य	matsya	m	fish	29
मद	mada	m	intoxication, sensual intoxication = sensuality	25
मद	mada	m	also "must" of an elephant (in Musth)	51
मद्	mad	—	to rejoice, to revel in something (Instr., Gen., Loc.)	25
मधु	madhu	n	honey, sweet drink, mead (honey wine)	51
मध्य ३	madhya	—	middle; n. center	20
मनु	manu	m	human being, man; name of the father of the human race (to 4Ā)	38
मनुष्य	manuṣya	m	human being	38
मन्	man	—	to disregard, to despise	50
मन् मन्यते	man	—	to think	6
मन्त्रिन्	mantrin	3	advisory ; m.: advisor, councilor, minister	50
मरण	maraṇa	n	dying, death	15
मल	mala	m	dirt, blemish	52
मही	mahī	f	earth, ground and soil	20
मही	mahī	—	the Great One)	32
मा	mā	3Ā	to measure	33
मांस	māṃsa	n	meat	51
मातामह	mātāmaha	m	maternal grandfather	42
मातामही	mātāmahī	f	maternal grandmother	42
मातुल	mātula	m	Maternal uncle (mother's brother)	42
मातुलानी	mātulānī	f	Wife of the maternal uncle (maternal aunt by marriage)	42
मातृ	mātṛ	f	Mother	42
मात्रा	mātrā	f	measure, limit	18
मात्स्य	mātsya	3	belonging to the fish (to fishes)	29
मान	māna	m	assessment, reputation, fame, honor, pride, conceit, sense of inferiority; (one measures oneself against others)	25
मार	māra	m	the personified evil, the personified temptation / manipulation, devil	52
मार्ग	mārga	m	path (paths were often game trails)	12
मार्यादा	māryādā	f	boundary	51
मिह्	mih	1P	to urinate, to piss, to ejaculate	38
मुख	mukha	n	mouth, face, front part, beginning	37
मुच् मुञ्चति मुक्त	muc	—	to release, to let go, to liberate; from the cycle of rebirths (saṃsāra m.) to liberate = to redeem	12
मुदिता	muditā	f	joy, especially sympathetic joy (opposite of envy)	3
मुनि	muni	m	wise man, (silent) ascetic	37
मुहूर्त	muhūrta	m	moment, instant	49
मुह् मुह्यति	muh	—	to be confused	6
मूर्ख	mūrkha	3	stupid, foolish, dumb m. fool	37
मूर्ख	mūrkha	m	snake	41
मूल	mūla	n	root	25
मूल्य	mūlya	n	value, price	43
मृ	mṛ	—	to die (according to Indian grammarians: 6 Ā)	15
मृग	mṛga	m	wild animal	12
मृगया	mṛgayā	f	hunting	51
मृति	mṛti	f	dying, death	15
मृत्यु	mṛtyu	m	death ; personified: god of death	15
मृदु	mṛdu	3	gentle, mild, soft; slow, weak	29
मेघ	megha	m	Cloud ("dripping one")	38
मेधा	medhā	f	Wisdom, Intellect, Thought	40
मैत्री	maitrī	f	Friendship, friendliness, friendly goodwill	5
मोक्ष	muc	—	mokṣa m. : release, liberation, redemption	12

य

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
यजन	yajana	n	sacrifice on behalf of someone else	9
यज् यजति	yaj	—	to honor with a sacrifice, to offer	6
यज्ञ	yajña	m	sacrifice	10
यत्	yat	1Ā	to strive for (, , )	44
यत्न	yatna	m	effort, exertion	44
यथा	yathā	Adv	how, as if	29
यदि	yadi	—	if	25
यदि	yadi	—	if	30
यदि	yadi	—	if	46
यद्यपि	yadyapi	—	even if, although	30
यद्येवम्	yadyevam	—	if so, under these circumstances	30
यम्	yam	1P	: to hold, carry ; to offer, grant ; to keep together, restrain, bridle, conquer	44
या	yā	2P	to go, to travel	44
यातृ	yātṛ	m	Husband of the brother's wife	42
यान	yāna	n	going, path, vehicle	44
याम	yāma	m	night watch (each three hours)	52
यावत्	yāvat	Adv	how long, during	42
युज्	yuj	7U	to yoke, to hitch, to harness, to attach; Ā also: to strain oneself (= to exert oneself), to connect with, to concentrat	31
युध् युध्यते	yudh	—	to fight	6
योग	yoga	m	yoking, connection, union, acquisition; Yoga	16
योषित्	yoṣit	f	young woman, girl	51
यौवन	yauvana	n	youth	48

र

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
रक्त ३	rakta	—	colored, red	20
रक्ष् रक्षति	rakṣ	—	to protect	8
रभ्	rabh	1Ā	to grasp	44
रम्	ram	1Ā	to stand still, rest, linger; to take pleasure in, delight oneself	29
रहस्	rahas	n	secret, solitude	50
राग	rāga	m	(red) color, passion, love	5
राग	rāga	m	also: color, red color	51
राजन्	rājan	m	King (for kingship in India, see Basham, Wonder pp. 82-94). As the final member of a compound (esp. ) usually: - m. (lik	38
राज्ञी	rājñī	f	Queen, wife of a king	38
राज्य	rājya	3	royal; n. kingdom, kingship, rule	38
रिष्	riṣ	1P	to be damaged, to fail, to injure	50
रुत	ruta	n	screaming	51
रुद्	rud	—	to weep, howl	17
रुद्र	rudra	m	(the howler =) the storm god Rudra	17
रुधिर	rudhira	n	Blood	51
रुध्	rudh	7U	to stop, to bring to a halt, to hold back = to enclose, to cover	31
रुह्	ruh	1P	to ascend, to climb	46
रुह्य	ruhya	—	br	32
रुह्यते	ruhyate	—	br	32
रूढ	rūḍha	—	br	32
रूप	rūpa	n	appearance, form, beautiful form, nature, essence	9
रे	re	—	Hey! You there!	43
रोक्ष्यति	rokṣyati	—	br	32
रोहयति । रोपयति	rohayati	—	br	32

ल

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
लक्षण	lakṣaṇa	n	feature, sign, attribute	20
लघु	laghu	3	easy (not heavy, not difficult), quick, short (in expression)	48
लभ् लभते	labh	—	to grasp, obtain, seize	8
लम्ब्	lamb	1Ā	to hang down from (), to hang on ()	46
लिख् लिखति	likh	—	to engrave, write (originally with a stylus on palm leaves, but later generally)	8
लिप्	lip	6U	to smear, to daub	25
लिप्ति	lipti	f	smearing, writing, script	25
लीला	līlā	f	jest, play	42
लुप्	lup	—	to break, to destroy	50
लोकयिष्यति	lokayiṣyati	—	br	32
लोकित	lokita	—	br	32
लोक्य	lokya	—	br	32
लोक्यते	lokyate	—	br	32
लोभ	lobha	m	Greed, avarice	5
लौल्य	laulya	n	greed, lustfulness	52

व

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
वञ्चक	vañcaka	m	fraudster, deceiver	43
वणिज्	vaṇij	m	merchant, trader	43
वत्स	vatsa	m	calf, young animal, child ; Voc.: my dear	43
वत्स्यति	Fut.:	—	br Pass.: PPP: Inf	27
वदन	vadana	n	speaking; instrument of speech: mouth, face	11
वद्	vad	—	to say	11
वद्	vad	—	to formally greet, to address	36
वद्	vad	1P	to say back = to answer	44
वद् वदति	vad	—	to say, to speak	10
वन	vana	n	Forest	51
वपुस्	vapus	n	beauty, form body (declension see later)	20
वर	vara	3	best, finest	43
वर	vara	m	wish, desire	49
वर	vara	3	best	52
वर्ग	varga	m	section, division, group	52
वर्ण	varṇa	m	color, birth status (aspiration)	2
वर्ण	varṇa	m	Color, genus, social class	5
वर्ष	varṣa	n	rain, rainy season, year	25
वश्	vaś	2P	, Imperat. 2.sg.: : to want, command, desire	52
वसन्त	vasanta	m	("shining" =) spring (March to May)	27
वसिष्यते	Fut.:	—	br PPP: Inf	27
वसु	vasu	n	wealth, treasure, property, possession	27
वस्	vas	1P	to stay, dwell (with locative of the person with whom one dwells)	27
वस्तु	vastu	n	seat, place; reality, real thing, actuality, object	27
वस्तुतस्	vastutas	—	in reality, truly	27
वस्त्र	vastra	n	means to put on oneself = garment, robe, cloth	27
वह्	vah	1U	to lead, to drive, to blow (wind)	25
वह्नि	vahni	m	knowledge, cognition	18
वा	vā	—	or (postposed)	15
वा	vā	—	or	20
वा	vā	2P	to blow, to breathe	38
वा	vā	—	either ... or	45
वा	vā	2P	to blow, to breathe	52
वाच्य	vācya	3	also: blameworthy	48
वाणिज्य	vāṇijya	n	trade	9
वात	vāta	m	Wind	38
वात	vāta	m	wind	52
वाद	vāda	m	utterance, statement, word	11
वानप्रस्थ	vānaprastha	m	forest hermit (one who is in the 3rd )	29
वार्त्ता	vārttā	f	Livelihood, economics (economy)	5
विक्ल्प	viklpa	m	Alternative, Doubt	40
विचित्र ३	vicitra	—	colorful, diverse, beautiful, wonderful, strange	20
विजिज्ञासु	vijijñāsu	3	one who wishes to recognize completely	52
विज्ञान	vijñāna	n	knowledge, cognition	25
विद्	vid	—	half, m.n. half	15
विद्	vid	2P	to know, to recognize	28
विद्या	vidyā	f	Knowledge, science	5
विधि	vidhi	m	arrangement, law, regulation; creation, fate	20
विधि	vidhi	m	also: fate (to )	50
विनय	vinaya	m	removal, education, discipline, buddhist.: monastic discipline, monastic law	25
विना	vinā	—	without, except (with Acc., Instr., Abl.)	25
विपणि	vipaṇi	f	shop, store	43
विप्र	vipra	m	"trembler" = poet, singer, priest, Brahmin	20
विभ्रम	vibhrama	m	the going back and forth	46
विलम्ब	vilamba	n	delay, lateness	43
विवाह	vivāha	m	leading away, marriage of a woman (Instr., saha) (for marriage see Basham, Wonder pp. 166-171)	25
विशेष	viśeṣa	m	peculiarity, specification, differentia specifica	23
विशेष	viśeṣa	m	difference, peculiarity	48
विश् विशति	viś	—	to enter	6
विष	viṣa	n	poison	41
विष	viṣa	n	Poison	51
विषम	viṣama	3	unequal, uneven, evil	46
विषय	viṣaya	m	area, region, object, sense-object	20
विष्टि	viṣṭi	f	work, forced labor	25
विहंग	vihaṃga	m	bird ("going into the sky-dream - ")	49
वृक्ष	vṛkṣa	m	tree	37
वृज्	vṛj	7P	to turn, rotate ; to ward off, exclude	52
वृत्	vṛt	—	to turn, to bend, to be (somewhere), to dwell	16
वृत्	vṛt	—	turn around, return	20
वृत्	vṛt	—	to occur, happen, arise	24
वृत्त	vṛtta	n	behavior	24
वृत्ति	vṛtti	f	behavior, activity, way of life	24
वृद्धि	vṛddhi	f	growth, increase, guṇa grade (from: vṛdh-ti)	25
वृध्	vṛdh	1Ā	to grow, to become larger	25
वृष्	vṛṣ	1P	to rain (mostly with a -- a god or a cloud)	50
वेष	veṣa	m	garment, appearance, exterior	49
वै	vai	—	Particle that emphasizes the preceding word: indeed, truly, but	50
वैश्य	vaiśya	m	Vaiśya (merchant and agricultural class)	2
वैश्या	vaiśyā	f	female Vaiśya	3
व्यवहार	vyavahāra	m	activity, conduct, interaction, commerce, business, trade, (legal) process	52
व्याकरण	vyākaraṇa	n	grammar (to )	48
व्याघ्र	vyāghra	m	tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) (lit.: yawner)	15
व्याधि	vyādhi	m	illness, disease	18
व्रज्	vraj	1P	stride, go, depart	36
व्रत	vrata	—	a mother promises to dedicate her daughter as a temple prostitute () if her daughter recovers. Important today: fasting;	22

श

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
शंस्	śaṃs	1P	to praise, to command	42
शकुनि	śakuni	m	bird	51
शक्ति	śakti	—	divine power, personified as a female companion especially of	22
शबर	śabara	—	Proper name of a non-Aryan tribe	51
शब्द	śabda	m	sound, tone, signal: word	18
शयन	śayana	n	couch, bed	44
शर	śara	m	Arrow-shaft, arrow	42
शरण	śaraṇa	3	protecting, shielding; n. protection, refuge, taking refuge	41
शर्करा	śarkarā	f	sugar (the German "Zucker" goes via Italian zucchero, from there via Arabic sukkar - سكر and Persian šakkar - شکر back t	43
शस्त्र	śastra	—	cutting tool, cutting weapon, sword, weapon	16
शाक्यमुनि	śākyamuni	m	ascetic from the lineage of the (Kṣatriyas from ) = Buddha Gautama	37
शासना	śāsanā	f	royal edict, teaching, religion	41
शास्	śās	2P	to reprimand, to control, to command, to teach	41
शास्त्र	śāstra	n	teaching, treatise	41
शास्त्रिन्	śāstrin	m	learned, scholar	41
शिक्षा	śikṣā	f	science, instruction; phonetics	25
शिवा	śivā	f	(female) jackal (golden jackal = Canis aureus)	51
शिशु	śiśu	m	child, young one	49
शिष्	śiṣ	7P	to leave, to leave behind	51
शिष्य	śiṣya	3	to be instructed = student	41
शी	śī	2Ā	to lie. This root has in all forms of the present stem Guna: 1.sg.Ind.Pres.Ā (śe + e). The following forms are pa	44
शीघ्र	śīghra	3	fast, quick	43
शील	śīla	n	custom, habit, nature, character, good habit = morality	52
शुक	śuka	m	parrot	8
शुचि	śuci	3	shining, gleaming, fine; m.: purity	29
शुचि	śuci	3	shining, pure, clear	38
शुच्	śuc	1P	(to flame, to shine) ; to mourn, to lament	38
शुच् शोचति	śuc	—	to mourn	8
शुश्रूषा	śuśrūṣā	f	obedience, obedient service	9
शूद्र	śūdra	m	Śūdra (service class)	2
शूद्रा	śūdrā	f	female Śūdra	3
शूद्री शूद्राणी	śūdrī	f	wife of a Śūdra	3
शून्य	śūnya	3	empty, desolate	51
शूर	śūra	3	brave, heroic ; m.: hero	18
शोक	śoka	m	mourning, grief	38
शोभन	śobhana	3	shining, splendid, magnificent, beautiful, good	18
शौच	śauca	n	purification, purity	16
श्रमयति	śramayati	—	br	32
श्रमित्वा । श्रान्त्वा	śramitvā	—	br	32
श्रमिष्यते	śramiṣyate	—	br	32
श्रम्	śram	4P	: to toil, to become tired	46
श्रम्य	śramya	—	br	32
श्रम्यते	śramyate	—	br	32
श्रान्त	śrānta	—	br	32
श्रि	śri	1U	to lean, to lean against, to find support, to go to someone (, )	46
श्रु शृणोति	śru	—	to hear (something: Accusative, someone: Genitive or Accusative; about: Accusative; from someone: Genitive, Ablative, In	7
श्रुति	śruti	f	hearing, the eternal tradition (designation for the Vedas and Brāhmaṇas)	3
श्रेष्ठिन्	śreṣṭhin	m	wealthy merchant	43
श्रोणि । श्रोणी	śroṇi	f	hip	20
श्रौतसूत्र	śrautasūtra	n	treatises on the performance of great sacrifices	3
श्वन्	śvan	m	dog	51
श्वसुर	śvasura	f	Father-in-law (in ancient times: only of the wife)	42
श्वस्	śvas	—	tomorrow	48
श्वस्रू	śvasrū	f	Mother-in-law (declension follows later)	42

स

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
संख्या	saṃkhyā	f	counting, enumeration ; n.: one of the six philosophical systems (short: Basham, Wonder p. 326f.)	24
संपुट	saṃpuṭa	m	box (here: package, bundle)	43
संयक्	saṃyak	Adv	correctly, truly, in the proper manner ; thoroughly, completely	50
सकाश	sakāśa	m	Presence, presence	42
सङ्ग	saṅga	m	the attaching to, contact with ()	46
सङ्घ	saṅgha	n	(to - : to strike together): group, crowd, community (e.g. Buddhist)	41
सज्ज्	sajj	1P	to hang, to adhere	48
सञ्ज्	sañj	1P	: to attach, to stick to ()	46
सत्य	satya	n	truth	10
सत्वर	satvara	3	fast, hurried	43
सद्	sad	—	sit, settle down	20
सद्	sad	—	: to sit down	46
सनातन ३	sanātana	f	eternal, imperishable, constant	30
सम	sama	3	equal, same, similar (with instrumental)	18
सम	sama	3	equal, same, similar	46
समता	samatā	f	equanimity	46
समम्	samam	Adv	in the same way, simultaneously (), evenly	46
समय	samaya	m	agreement, contract, deadline, appointment, time	43
समाधि	samādhi	m	inner concentration, highest attention, meditative "absorption"	20
समाधि	samādhi	m	inner concentration, highest attention	33
समान	samāna	3	of the same kind, equal, similar; m.: contemporary	51
समान ३	samāna	—	equal, same	23
सर्व	sarva	3	each, all	50
सह	saha	—	together with, jointly with (also in "to fight with" etc.) (Postposition with Instrumental)	10
सहित	sahita	3	united, provided with	18
सह्	sah	—	to overcome, to endure, patiently to endure = to forgive	12
साधन	sādhana	m	leading to the goal, effecting	16
साधु	sādhu	3	correct, good	2
साध्वी	sādhvī	f	fem. of sādhu	3
सामर्थ्य	sāmarthya	n	that which corresponds to the purpose	25
सामान्य	sāmānya	n	equality, agreement, correspondence	23
सायक	sāyaka	m	Arrow	51
सार	sāra	m	core, marrow, essence, substance	52
सारथि	sārathi	m	charioteer, coachman	8
सिंह	siṃha	m	lion (Panthera leo persica)	15
सिच् सिञ्चति सिक्त	sic	—	to sprinkle	12
सीमन्	sīman	f	Boundary, limit	38
सु सुनोति	su	—	to press out	7
सुख	sukha	n	happiness, well-being	8
सुत	suta	m	Son	38
सुप्ति	supti	f	sleep, esp. deep sleep	40
सुष्टु	suṣṭu	3	highly praised, excellent, good	18
सूक्ष्म	sūkṣma	3	fine, tiny, subtle	48
सूर्य	sūrya	m	Sun, sun god Sūrya	38
सूर्य	sūrya	m	sun	52
सृज् सृजति	sṛj	—	to let go, to release from oneself, to emanate	6
सेवा	sevā	f	service, attendance	52
सेव्	sev	1Ā	to serve someone (), attend, honor, love	52
सोम	soma	m	pressed drink, Soma; Moon (Which plant was used to press Soma is still disputed today)	7
स्तन	stana	m	breast	20
स्तु	stu	—	to praise, extol	15
स्तुति	stuti	f	praise, hymn of praise	15
स्तेन	stena	m	thief	25
स्तेय	steya	n	theft	25
स्तोत्र	stotra	n	(means of praise =) hymn of praise, hymnus	15
स्त्री	strī	f	woman	20
स्त्री	strī	f	woman, wife ; feminine	48
स्थविर	sthavira	3	old, aged	48
स्था	sthā	—	to abstain from, to refrain from, to keep away, to remain, to stand	42
स्थाविर	sthāvira	n	(advanced) age	48
स्पृश्	spṛś	6P	to touch	36
स्मृ स्मरति	smṛ	—	to make present, to remember	6
स्मृति	smṛti	f	recollection, memory, meditative recollection = mindfulness, tradition (counterpart to śruti). Includes	3
स्व	sva	3	own, his/her/its (my, your, etc.). Declined like . In the Abl./Loc. sg. m.n. and in the Nom. pl. m. it can also be decli	51
स्वक	svaka	3	own (my, your ...) ; m.: member	36
स्वप्	svap	2P	to sleep, to go to sleep	40
स्वप्न	svapna	m	sleep, dream	40
स्वभाव	svabhāva	m	being, nature, character	25
स्वयम्	svayam	—	of itself, spontaneously	49
स्वर्ग	svarga	m	heaven	7
स्वसृ	svasṛ	f	Sister	42
स्वस्ति	svasti	f	happiness, salvation (nominal formation from = "it is good")	24
स्वागत	svāgata	n	welcome (from su-ā-gata)	24
स्वाध्याय	svādhyāya	m	"self-study", recitation (especially of the Veda), study of the Vedas	20

ह

Sanskrit	IAST	Genus	English	Lesson
हन्	han	—	to strike, to slay, to kill	17
हन्	han	2P	to strike back	44
हर	hara	3	taking away; m.: the destroyer = epithet of Śiva	27
हरि	hari	3	blond, yellow, green; m. epithet of Viṣṇu (does not belong to the root 1)	27
हरिष्यति	Fut.:	—	br Pass.: PPP: Inf	27
हरिहर	harihara	m	Viṣṇu and Śiva united as a single deity	27
हर्ष	harṣa	m	(raising of the body hair), joy	25
हस्त	hasta	m	hand	18
हस्तिन्	hastin	m	elephant (Elephas maximus)	38
हा	hā	3P	to leave	33
हित	PPP	—	(!!)	33
हिरण्य ३	hiraṇya	—	golden ; n.: gold, money, wealth	25
हीन	PPP	—	left by, lacking, defective	33
हीनयान	hīnayāna	n	the defective vehicle (of Buddhism): derogatory term used by representatives of the "Great Vehicle", namely ; the defect	33
हु	hu	3P	to pour into fire (as an offering, esp. melted butter)	33
हृ	hṛ	1U	to hold, to carry; to take away, to steal	27
हृदय	hṛdaya	n	Heart	42
हृष्	hṛṣ	4P	to become stiff: to bristle (hair), to rejoice over (Instr., Acc., Loc.)	36
हेतु	hetu	m	impulse, motivation, cause, reason ; , , with Genitive or as the second member of a compound = "for the sake of ..., bec	24
ह्रस्व	hrasva	3	short	49
ह्वे । हू	hve	1U	to call, to summon	46